Almost all UK drivers (95%) could fail their theory test if they had to retake it

4 min read
 
  • Only 1% of drivers got a flawless theory test pass result when faced with 15 test questions
  • The UK driving theory test was introduced on 1st July 1996, and those who began driving prior to this were more likely to fail than those who took it after it was introduced (98% versus 92%)
  • Over half of UK drivers (56%) claim they keep themselves up to date with Highway Code changes, but only 47% of those who took a mock theory test could correctly identify when it had most recently been updated
  • Mock theory tests are available for those looking to take their test shortly, or for those wanting to remind themselves of the key rules of the road 

 

The vast majority of UK drivers may not be road-ready when it comes to knowing the Highway Code1, reveals new research by Direct Line motor insurance. Based on a small sample of mock test questions2, almost all (95%) drivers could fail their driving theory test if they had to retake it today, raising serious questions about road safety awareness across the UK. 

Keeping up to date with the Highway Code is best practice to ensure that drivers are aware of road safety changes. Over half (56%) of drivers claim to have kept up to date with it, but when put to the test, less than half (47%) correctly identified when it had last been updated – January 2022 – indicating a significant gap between perception and reality.

Direct Line asked drivers 15 random questions from the current UK theory test — covering road signs, rules and general safety – with 13 correct answers equating to the 86% pass mark that is required from a real UK driving theory test. Some of the most striking results included:

  • Only a fifth (20%) of drivers – the equivalent of eight million3 motorists – knew where it is legally acceptable to overtake on a one-way road. As stated by Rule 143 of the Highway Code, this can be done on either side when travelling on a one-way street.
  • Just 41% could identify the “Cycle Route” road sign – the equivalent of 17 million drivers. 
  • Less than half of drivers (49%) knew when to use the right-hand lane on a three-lane dual carriageway, the equivalent of 21 million drivers. As Rule 138 of the Highway Code specifies, the right-hand lane should only be used when overtaking another vehicle or when turning right onto another road. 
  • Less than half (45%) could accurately state the overall stopping distance when travelling at 40mph, which is 36 metres.

The driving theory test was introduced in Great Britain on 1 July 19964. Before this, learner drivers were only required to take a practical driving test. The research found those who were not required to sit a theory test before driving were less likely to know the road rules, with 98% of these drivers failing the test compared to 92% of those who were required to sit the test.

The research also uncovered notable differences across both age groups and regions. Gen Z (aged 18-28) were the most likely to pass, with a 10% success rate, followed by Millennials (9%), Gen X (3%) and Boomers (2%). Despite younger generations being more likely to have taken their test recently and therefore having a fresher understanding of the Highway Code, these results also align with reported efforts to keep up to date with the road rules, with 77% of Gen Z’s saying they proactively keep themselves informed, compared to just 45% of Gen X and Boomers.

Matt Pernet, Head of Motor Insurance at Direct Line says: “The Highway Code covers safe and responsible driving behaviour on UK roads, and it is not just new drivers that need to know what is included. Staying up to date with the rules is vital, especially when changes are made which relate to right of way and road signs.

“These findings are a stark reminder that many people are not keeping up to date with the latest rules and should serve as a wake-up call to encourage all drivers to regularly refresh their knowledge.”

- ENDS -

 

Notes to editors:

  1. The research was conducted by Opinium, among a sample of 2000 UK Adults (Aged 16+). The data was collected between 27 May 2025 - 30 May 2025.

  2. Based on a mock test of a sample questions – 15 questions asked in the test by Direct Line and 50 on the actual theory test. 

  3. Based on the 43 million drivers in the UK. 

  4. Driving theory tests have 50 questions and individuals must get 43 correct in order to pass, which equates to 86%. Direct Line surveyed respondents on 15 questions from within the modern theory driving test, needing to answer 13 out of 15 correctly (86% of 15 = 12.9). 

 

For further information, please contact:

Direct Line

Email : Pressoffice@directlinegroup.co.uk 

 

About Direct Line 

Started in 1985, Direct Line became the first UK insurance company to use the telephone as its main channel of communication. It provides motor, home and pet insurance cover direct to customers by phone or on-line and is part of the Aviva Group.

Customers can find out more about Direct Line products or get a quote by calling 0345 246 3761 or visiting www.directline.com/car-cover